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Arduino BT (Bluetooth)

Arduino BT Front

Overview

The Arduino BT is a microcontroller board originally was based on the ATmega168, but now is supplied with the 328. (datasheet) and the Bluegiga WT11 bluetooth module (details and datasheet [pdf]). It supports wireless serial communication over bluetooth (but is not compatible with Bluetooth headsets or other audio devices). It has 14 digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs and one can be used to reset the WT11 module), 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz crystal oscillator, screw terminals for power, an ICSP header, and a reset button. It contains everything needed to support the microcontroller and can be programmed wirelessly over the Bluetooth connection. Instructions are available for getting started with the Arduino BT.

Summary

Microcontroller	ATmega328
Operating Voltage	5V
Input Voltage	1.2-5.5 V
Digital I/O Pins	14 (of which 6 provide PWM output)
Analog Input Pins	6
DC Current per I/O Pin	40 mA
DC Current for 3.3V Pin	50 mA
Flash Memory	32 KB (of which 2 KB used by bootloader)
SRAM	2 KB
EEPROM	1 KB
Clock Speed	16 MHz

Schematic & Reference Design

Reference Design: arduino-bt-reference-design.zip
Schematic: arduino_bt06.pdf

Power

The Arduino BT can be powered via the V+ and GND screw terminals. The board contains a DC-DC convector that allows it to be powered with as little as 1.2V, but a maximum of 5.5V. Higher voltages or reversed polarity in the power supply can damage or destroy the board.

The power pins are as follows:

• 9V. The input voltage to the Arduino board (i.e. the same as the V+ screw terminal). You can supply voltage through this pin, or, if supplying voltage via the screw terminals, access it through this pin. Warning: despite the label, do not attach 9V to this pin. It will damage the board.

• 5V. The regulated power supply used to power the microcontroller and other components on the board. This can come either from V+ via the on-board DC-DC convertor, or be supplied by a regulated 5V supply.

• GND. Ground pins.

Memory

The ATmega328 has 32 KB of flash memory for storing code (of which 2 KB is used for the bootloader). It has 1 KB of SRAM and 512 bytes of EEPROM (which can be read and written with the EEPROM library).

Input and Output

Each of the 14 digital pins on the BT can be used as an input or output, using pinMode(), digitalWrite(), and digitalRead() functions. They operate at 5 volts. Each pin can provide or receive a maximum of 40 mA and has an internal pull-up resistor (disconnected by default) of 20-50 kOhms. In addition, some pins have specialized functions:

• Serial: 0 (RX) and 1 (TX). Used to receive (RX) and transmit (TX) TTL serial data. These pins are connected to the corresponding pins of the Bluegiga WT11 module.

• External Interrupts: 2 and 3. These pins can be configured to trigger an interrupt on a low value, a rising or falling edge, or a change in value. See the attachInterrupt() function for details.

• PWM: 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, and 11. Provide 8-bit PWM output with the analogWrite() function.

• SPI: 10 (SS), 11 (MOSI), 12 (MISO), 13 (SCK). These pins support SPI communication, which, although provided by the underlying hardware, is not currently included in the Arduino language.

• BT Reset: 7. Connected to the reset line of the Bluegiga WT11 module, which is active high.

• LED: 13. There is a built-in LED connected to digital pin 13. When the pin is HIGH value, the LED is on, when the pin is LOW, it's off.

The BT has 6 analog inputs, each of which provide 10 bits of resolution (i.e. 1024 different values). By default they measure from ground to 5 volts, though is it possible to change the upper end of their range using the AREF pin and some low-level code. Additionally, some pins have specialized functionality:

• I²C: 4 (SDA) and 5 (SCL). Support I²C (TWI) communication using the Wire library (documentation on the Wiring website).

There are a couple of other pins on the board:

• AREF. Reference voltage for the analog inputs. Used with analogReference().

See also the mapping between Arduino pins and ATmega168/328 ports.

Bluetooth Communication

The Bluegiga WT11 module on the Arduino BT provides Bluetooth communication with computers, phones, and other Bluetooth devices. The WT11 communicates with the ATmega328 via serial (shared with the RX and TX pins on the board). It comes configured for 115200 baud communication. The module should be configurable and detectable by your operating system's bluetooth drivers, which should then provide a virtual com port for use by other applications. The Arduino software includes a serial monitor which allows simple textual data to be sent to and from the Arduino board over this bluetooth connection. The board can also be reprogrammed using this same wireless connection.

The WT11 is specially configured for use in the Arduino BT. Its name is set to ARDUINOBT and passcode to 12345. For details, see the complete initialization sketch.

Communication

The Arduino BT has a number of other facilities for communicating. The ATmega328's UART TTL (5V) serial communication is available on digital pins 0 (RX) and 1 (TX) as well as being connected to the WT11 module.

A SoftwareSerial library allows for serial communication on any of the BT's digital pins.

The ATmega328 also supports I2C (TWI) and SPI communication. The Arduino software includes a Wire library to simplify use of the I2C bus; see the documentation on the Wiring website for details. To use the SPI communication, please see the ATmega328 datasheet.

Programming

The Arduino BT can be programmed with the Arduino software (download). For details, see the reference and tutorials.

The ATmega328 on the Arduino BT comes preburned with a bootloader that allows you to upload new code to it without the use of an external hardware programmer. It communicates using the original STK500 protocol (reference, C header files).

You can also bypass the bootloader and program the ATmega328 through the ICSP (In-Circuit Serial Programming) header; see these instructions for details.

Physical Characteristics

The maximum length and width of the BT are approximately 3.2 and 2.1 inches respectively. Three screw holes allow the board to be attached to a surface or case. Note that the distance between digital pins 7 and 8 is 160 mil (0.16"), not an even multiple of the 100 mil spacing of the other pins.